216 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
216 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
+++
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title = 'Grundlagen'
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date = 2024-02-08T21:33:12+01:00
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draft = true
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{{< style_regular >}}
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{{< toc >}}
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*Notiz: Kapitel mit Praxisübungen, etc. übersprungen*
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# Kapitel 2.4: Wichtige Netzwerk-Kürzel und deren Bedeutung
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| Abkürzung | Bedeutung |
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|-----------|---------------------------------------------|
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| LAN | Local Area Network |
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| ISO | International Standardization Organization |
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| MAN | Metropolian Area Network |
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| WAN | Wide Area Network |
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| GAN | Global Area Network |
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| PowerLAN | Powerline Communications Local Area Network |
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| WLAN | Wireless Local Area Network |
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| VLAN | Virtual Local Area Network |
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| NAS | Network Attached Storage |
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| SAN | Storage Area Network |
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| VPN | Virtual Private Network |
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| NFS | Network File System |
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| SMB | Server Message Block |
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| CIFS | Common Internet File System |
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| RAID | Redundant Array of Independet Disks |
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| SCSI | Small Computer System Interface |
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| iSCSI | Internet Small Computer System Interface |
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| IP | Internet Protocol |
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# Kapitel 2.5: Gründe und Ziele einer Vernetzung
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- Verbesserte Kommunikation
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- Datenverbund
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- Datensicherung
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- Kostensenkung
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- Verfügbarkeit
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- Wartung
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# Kapitel 3: Topologien
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## Unterschied logisch/physisch
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**Logisch**: Regeln (=> Protokolle)
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**Physisch**: Kabelverlegung
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## Bus
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## Stern
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## Ring
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# Kapitel 4: Übertragungsmedien
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## Masseinheiten
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### Übertragungsraten
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- Baud
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- Bit/s
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- Byte/s
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- Kbit/s
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- Kbyte/s
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- Mbit/s
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- Mbyte/s
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- Gbit/s
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### Speichereinheiten
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- Bit
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- Byte
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- Kilobyte
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- Kibibyte
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- Megabyte
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- Mebibyte
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- Gigabyte
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- Gibibyte
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- Terabyte
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- Tebibite
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- Petabyte
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- Pebibyte
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# Schnittstellen
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## Netzwerk
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- RJ-45
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- SFP
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## Andere
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- USB
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- FireWire
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- Thunderbolt
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# Kapitel 7: Arbeitsweise lokaler Netze
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## Ethernet
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### Normen
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- 100Base-TX
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- 100Base-T4
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- 100Base-FX
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- 1000Base-T
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- 1000Base-SX
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- 1000Base-LX
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- 1000Base-ZX
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- 10GBase-T
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- 10GBase-SR
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- 10GBase-LR
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- 100GBase-SR10
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- 100GBase-LR4
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# Kapitel 8: Betriebssysteme und Server
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## Linux
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**Wichtige Distributionen**
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- Debian
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- Ubuntu
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- Mint
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- Red Hat
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- Fedora
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- CentOS
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- SUSE / openSUSE
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- Arch
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- Gentoo
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## Unix
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**Wichtige Variationen / Abspaltungen**
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- OpenBSD
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- MacOS
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- Solaris
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- ATX
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- HP-UX
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## Windows
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**Desktop**
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- Windows 10
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- Windows 11
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**Server**
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- Windows Server 2016
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- Windows Server 2019
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- Windows Server 2022
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# Kapitel 10: Normen und Modelle
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## ISO
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- *International Standardization Organisation*
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- <https://www.iso.org>
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## IEEE
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- *Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineering*
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- <https://www.ieee.org>
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- Projektgruppe 802 (=> Netzwerk/Internet)
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## ITU
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- *International Telecommunication Union*
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- <https://www.itu.int>
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## IETF
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- *International Engineering Task Force*
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- <https://www.ietf.org>
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## ICANN
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- *Internet Corporation for Assigned names and Numbers*
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- <https://icann.org>
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## IANA
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- *Internet Assigned Numbers Authority*
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- <https://iana.org>
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# Kapitel 11: Protokolle
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## Port-Kategorien
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| Start | Ende | Name |
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|--------|--------|-------------------------|
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| 0 | 1023 | Well-known ports |
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| 1024 | 49 151 | Registered ports |
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| 49 152 | 65 535 | Dynamic / private ports |
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## Private IP-Adressbereiche
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| Start | Ende | Anzahl Hosts |
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|-------------|-----------------|--------------|
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| 10.0.0.0 | 10.255.255.255 | ~16.8 Mio |
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| 172.16.0.0 | 172.32.255.255 | ~1 Mio |
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| 192.168.0.0 | 192.168.255.255 | ~ 65.5 Tsd. |
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# Kapitel 12.4 VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network
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## Definition
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- Logische Isolation von Netzwerken innerhalb eines grösseren Netzwerkes
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- Alle VLANs haben eine VLAN-ID
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- IEEE 802.1Q
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- Meist auf Switch konfiguriert
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- Portbasiertes VLAN
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- Dynamisches VLAN
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- MAC-VLAN
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- Protokollbasiertes VLAN
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## Vorteile
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- Sicherheit
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- Fleixibilität
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- Priorisierung (=> höhere Effizienz)
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# Quelle
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<https://shop.herdt.com/de/product/NW_2019>
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Obligatorische Kapitel: *2.4*, *2.5*, *2.6*, *4.9*, *12.4* |